Let us explain with some examples about Japan’s Private International Law (PIL), or Act on General Rules for Application of Laws.
[Example 1]
I’m 18-year-old Japanese male.
She is 15-year-old Mexican lady.
Her parents consent our marriage.
Question: Can we get married?
Answer: No, you can’t.
Because: Marriage Age
Japanese Law: male 18 and over
female 16 and over
Mexican Law: male 16 and over
female 14 and over
She doesn’t come of marriage age according to Japanese law,
but she can get marriage by Mexican law.
Japan’s PIL (Article 24): The formation of a marriage shall be governed by the national law of each party.
He follows Japanese law and she follows Mexican conflict of laws that designates the law of marital country (lex loci celebrationis). The law of marital country is Japanese civil law, so you can’t get married.
[Example 2]
Soon.
Japan’s PIL (Article 18): Special Provisions for Product Liability
Note: (Article 18) Notwithstanding the preceding Article, where a claim arises from a tort involving injury to life, body or property of others, caused by a defect in a product (meaning a thing produced or processed; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) that is delivered, against a producer (meaning a person who has produced, processed, imported, exported, distributed or sold a product in the course of trade; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article) or a person who has provided a representation on the product in a manner which allows the others to recognize such person as its producer (hereinafter collectively referred to as a “Producer, etc.” in this Article), the formation and effect of such claim shall be governed by the law of the place where the victim received the delivery of the product; provided, however, that if the delivery of the product at said place was ordinarily unforeseeable, the law of the principal place of business of the Producer, etc. (in cases where the Producer, etc. has no place of business, the law of his/her habitual residence) shall govern.